Mongolian translations

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Some facts about Mongolian language

Mongolian is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family, and the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia. It is also spoken in some of the surrounding areas in provinces of China and the Russian Federation. The majority of speakers in Mongolia speak the Khalkha (or Halh) dialect, while those in China speak the Chahar, Oyirad, and Barghu-Buryat dialect groups.

Mongolian is a Mongolic language. The Altaic theory proposes that the Mongolic family is a member of the larger Altaic family, which would also include the Turkic and Tungusic languages, and possibly Japanese and Korean. Related languages include Kalmyk spoken near the Caspian Sea and Buryat of East Siberia, as well as a number of minor languages in China and the Mogholi language of Afghanistan.

Over two million people speak Mongolian throughout Mongolia. There are also up to three million speakers in Northern China, who, however, form only a shrinking minority of the overall population of Inner Mongolia, especially of its cities.

Mongolian has been written in a variety of alphabets over the years.

The traditional Mongolian alphabet was adapted from Uyghur script in 1208, although it has undergone transformations, and occasionally been supplemented by other scripts. The Mongolian alphabet was used in Mongolia until 1931, when it was replaced by the Latin alphabet, and again by Cyrillic in 1937. The traditional alphabet was abolished completely by the pro-Soviet government in 1941, and a short-lived attempt to reintroduce the traditional alphabet after 1990 was abolished after some years.

In the People's Republic of China, the Mongolian language is the official language - co-official with Mandarin Chinese - in some regions. The traditional alphabet has always been used there, although Cyrillic was considered briefly before the Sino-Soviet split. There are two types of written Mongolian used in China: the classical script, which is official among Mongols nationwide, and the Todo script, used predominantly among Oirats in Xinjiang.