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Italian translations
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Some facts about Italian language
Italian language, member of the Romance group of the Italic
subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Romance
languages). The official language of Italy and San Marino,
and one of the official languages of Switzerland, Italian
is spoken by about 58 million people in Italy, 24,000 in San
Marino, 840,000 in Switzerland, another 1 million in other
European countries, and approximately 5 million in North and
South America. Historically, Italian is a daughter language
of Latin (see Latin language). Northern Italian dialects are
the Gallo-Italian—including Piedmontese, Ligurian, Lombard,
and Emilian—and Venetian. Further south, the major dialects
are Tuscan and various others from Umbria to Sicily. Sardinian,
spoken on the island of Sardinia, is sufficiently distinct
from other dialects to be considered by some a Romance language
in its own right. The Rhaeto-Romance forms, similar to the
dialects of northern Italy, are spoken in the border region
between Italy and Switzerland. It is not known exactly when
Italian could be distinguished from its parent tongue; however,
no text in Italian is recorded before the 10th cent. A.D.
The idiom of Florence, one of the Tuscan dialects of Italian,
became dominant from the end of the 13th cent. to the middle
of the 14th cent., largely owing to the growing prestige of
the city of Florence and the literary works written in the
Florentine dialect during that period. These literary works
included Dante's Divine Comedy and the vernacular writings
of Petrarch and Boccaccio. Thus, although Italian had—and
still has—a great many dialects, it was the culturally
important idiom of Florence that in time gave rise to modern
standard Italian. The dialect of the Italian capital, Rome,
also has influenced modern standard Italian. The Roman alphabet
is used for Italian. The employment of diacritics is limited
to the grave and acute accents, which sometimes serve to make
clear where the stress of a word is to fall (as in caffe=“coffee”);
they also serve to distinguish between homonyms (as with ne=“of
it” or “of them,” but ne...ne=“neither...nor”).
The pronunciation of the language follows the spelling very
closely. Italian is often described both as the language of
art and music and as the language best suited to singing.
Since the Renaissance its general cultural importance has
been considerable.
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