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Finnish translations
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Some facts about Finnish language
Finnish language, also called Suomi, member of the Finnic
group of the Finno-Ugric languages. These languages form a
subdivision of the Uralic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family
of languages. Finnish is spoken by about 5 million people
in Finland. Additional speakers totaling close to 1 million
live in neighboring areas of Sweden and Russia and also in
the United States. There are several dialects. In Finnish
the first syllable of a word is stressed. The language has
15 cases for nouns, personal pronouns, and adjectives. It
lacks grammatical gender and the article. There is a negative
conjugation for the verb. Like the other Uralic and Altaic
languages, Finnish has vowel harmony and agglutination. Postpositions
are employed instead of prepositions. Suffixation is used
to form derived nouns and verbs. The Finnish vocabulary has
been enriched by words borrowed from the Germanic, Slavic,
and Baltic languages. A modified Roman alphabet is used for
writing Finnish, which has been recorded since the 16th cent.
History
It is believed that the Baltic Finnic languages evolved
from a proto-Finnic language, from which Sami was separated
around 1500-1000 BCE. It has been suggested that this proto-Finnic
had three dialects: northern, southern and eastern. The Baltic
Finnic languages separated around the 1st century.
The first written form of Finnish was created by Mikael Agricola,
a Finnish bishop in the 16th century. He based his writing
system on Swedish (which was the official language of Finland
at the time), German, and Latin. Later the written form was
revised by many people.
The Reformation marked the real beginning of writing in Finnish.
In the 16th century major literary achievements were composed
in Finnish by people like Paavali Juusten, Erik Sorolainen,
and Jaakko Finno, as well as Agricola himself. In the 17th
century books were written in Finland in Finnish, Danish,
Norwegian, Estonian, Latvian, German, and Swedish. However,
the most important books were still written in Latin. Finnish
and Swedish (which in the late 17th century was decreed the
sole language of government) were small languages of lesser
importance.
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